hello guys, di article yang lalu kita sudah membahas mengenai present perfect, dan tentunya kali ini kita akan membahas tense lanjutanya yaitu present perfect continuous( progressive ). ada banyak persamaan di antara dua tenses tersebut. jadi kita memang harus mengerti secara detail untuk bisa membedaka di antara kedua tenses tersebut. nah langsung saja pada pambahasan...
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
VERBAL
Formula:
(+) s+have/has+been+v-ing+o/c
(-) S+have/has+not+been+v-ing+o/c
(?) Have/has+s+been+v-ing+o/c?
(-?) Haven't/hasn't+s+been+v-ing+o/c?
(-) S+have/has+not+been+v-ing+o/c
(?) Have/has+s+been+v-ing+o/c?
(-?) Haven't/hasn't+s+been+v-ing+o/c?
Catatan:
- I,YOU,WE,THEY,PLURAL NOUN(PEOPLE), NAMES(NINA AND NANI) = HAVE- SHE,HE,IT, SINGULAR NOUN(PERSON), NAME (NINA) = HAS
- I,YOU,WE,THEY,PLURAL NOUN(PEOPLE), NAMES(NINA AND NANI) = HAVE- SHE,HE,IT, SINGULAR NOUN(PERSON), NAME (NINA) = HAS
Contoh klimat dalam penggunaan:
(+) We have been waiting for you for 5 hours
(-) We have not been waiting for you for 5 hours
(?) Have we been waiting for you for 5 hours?
(-?) Haven't we been waiting for you for 5 hours?
(+) We have been waiting for you for 5 hours
(-) We have not been waiting for you for 5 hours
(?) Have we been waiting for you for 5 hours?
(-?) Haven't we been waiting for you for 5 hours?
NOMINAL
Formula:
(+) s+have/has+been+(being)+o/c
(-) s+have/has+not+been+(being)+o/c
(?) Have/has+s+been+(being)+o/c?
(-?) Have/has+s+been+(veing)+o/c?
(-) s+have/has+not+been+(being)+o/c
(?) Have/has+s+been+(being)+o/c?
(-?) Have/has+s+been+(veing)+o/c?
Catatan: kata being dalam present perfect progressive boleh di ikutkan dan boleh juga tidak, tapi alangkah baiknya jika being tersebut tidak di ikutkan karna being tersebut akan mengubah arti pada kalimatnya.
Contoh penggunaan dalam kalimat:
(+) Sintia has been in her class since 7 o'clock
(-) Sintia has not been in her class since 7 o'clock
(?) Has Sintia been in her class since 7 o'clock?
(-?) Hasn't Sintia been in her class since 7 o'clock?
(+) Sintia has been in her class since 7 o'clock
(-) Sintia has not been in her class since 7 o'clock
(?) Has Sintia been in her class since 7 o'clock?
(-?) Hasn't Sintia been in her class since 7 o'clock?
Some function of present perfect progressive:
- Tense ini digunakan untuk menunjukkan durasi dari sebuah aktivitas yang dimulai di masa lampau dan berlangsung hingga saat ini. Ketika tense memiliki makna seperti ini, maka tense ini di ikuti dengan kata waktu seperti for,since,allmorning, all day, all week, dll.
Example:
- I have been sitting here since seven o’clock.
- I have been sitting here for five hours.
- Ani has been studying for 3 hours. Why does she ask me?
- It has been raining all day. It is raining until now.
Note: Present perfect progressive menggunakan durasi ataupun keterangan waktu seperti for,since,all, morning, all day, all week, dan sebagainya.
- ketika tense digunakan tanpa sebutan waktu, tense menyatakan aktivitas umum yang berlangsung baru saja, akhir-akhir ini.
Example:
- All of students have been studying Final exam starts next week.
- I have been thinking about my brother’s problem.
- My brother has been sleeping on the floor lately. So his back hurts.
Note: Present perfect progressive tidak selalu menggunakan keterangan ataupun durasi waktu, dan jika present perfect progressive tidak menggunakan keterangan ataupun durasi waktu maka present perfect progressive menjelaskan tentang kejadian baru-baru ini di lakukan, dan dalam kalimat itu present perfect progressive mempunyai makna “baru jasa”.
- Dengan kata kerja yang pasti (terutama live, work, teach) ada sedikit ataupun tidak ada perbedaan arti di atara kedua tenses(present perfect dan present perfect progressive) ketika for dan since.
Example:
- We have lived here since 1996.
- We have been living here since 1996.
- He has worked at the same store for ten years.
- He has been working at the same store for ten years.
- We have been living here since 1996.
- He has worked at the same store for ten years.
- He has been working at the same store for ten years.
Note: Present perfect dan present perfect progressive mempunyai fungsi dan makna yang sama saat menggunakan keterangan atau durasi since dan for. Pada dasarnya since dan for adalah keterangan waktu yang dimiliki oleh present perfect progressive. Tapi posisi present perfect progressive dapat di gantikan oleh present perfect dan keduanya tidak memiliki arti dan makna yang berbeda saat menggunakan keterangan atau durasi waktu (since and for).
Nah itulah penjelasan singkat mengenai present perfect progressive, semoga bermanfaat untuk teman-teman semua... masih banyak lagi pembahasan mengenai grammar yang lain.
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